tablet 55, second: the judge consults — the Sanhedrin no longer rolls dice

judge.erl chose one of six canned positions by a hash over the question,
its own pid and the clock; a panel of one "accepted" on zero roots and
zero references under "Torah references ground this interpretation" —
the calf, cast by the court itself. Architecture §3.2 says a judge
"consults the specification (L0/L1)"; Construction §3.2 says the
pipeline hands the case roots and torah_refs. Neither happened.

Sanhedrin (Erlang):
- judge.erl: seat N performs step N of the dialectic — interpret,
  challenge, resolve, cycling — through a consult {M, F} in the app env.
  resolved → accept with the verses; challenged (a kushya stands) →
  reject; halt → reject; teiku → abstain. No consult, an error, or a
  consult that raises → abstain, and the reasoning says so; the judge
  stands. judge:start_link/2 takes the seat; panel.erl seats its judges.
- EUnit 54/0: seats cycle; no consult → abstain; resolved → accept with
  #torah_ref{}; a raising consult → abstain and alive; a panel of three
  with a kushya at seat 2 → accepted 2–1, minority preserved with verse.

Pipeline (Elixir):
- VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult: what a judge asks — TalmudicEngineSocket
  interpret/challenge/resolve over the case's roots, direct (the client's
  stub fallbacks are NOT used: a court that accepts on a stub is the
  calf). Engine absent → {:error, _} → the judge abstains. Registered in
  the sanhedrin env at application start.
- router process_sanhedrin: the case is heard before it is submitted —
  ScopeResolver → Shema context (cloud honoured) → tohu → vayomer
  (Shoresh Engine over the verse) → roots; torah_refs = the scope;
  complexity_hint names the panel (422 on an unknown one); one unit of
  sanhedrin_panels_max per case (503 MANNA_DEPLETED when spent); the
  decision engraved in L3 as an interpretation (panel_size, votes
  for/against, processing_component "sanhedrin", coupling root→verse)
  with the minority beside it (grounding_type achorai); the reply in
  the Tamid's shape (position, reasoning, sources, votes) plus
  grounding {scope, roots_consulted, recorded}.
- Tests: Elixir 628/0 (router 30, incl. monetary → panel 3; no engine →
  teiku with 0 votes, never accepted; fake consult → 2–1 with sources;
  manna → 503; unknown hint → 422); L3 test: interpretation + minority
  rows land.

Pre-existing and untouched: with --include l3 the gate and hakhel
tests fail 17 times on main as well (the gate's local upstream double
refuses connections under the L3 flag) — a separate finding.

Doorpost pin unchanged (no @spec_files touched).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5.1 <noreply@anthropic.com>

sanhedrin/src/judge.erl

@@ -11,6 +11,20 @@
 %%%
 %%% Judges deliberate independently — they do not see
 %%% other judges' votes until the panel collects them.
+%%%
+%%% Tablet 55 (2026-10-19): until this rewrite the judge chose one of
+%%% six canned positions by a hash over the question, its own pid and
+%%% the clock. The verdict had no relation to the case; "Torah
+%%% references ground this interpretation (0 roots, 0 references
+%%% examined)" was accepted on nothing — the calf, cast by the court
+%%% itself. Now a judge CONSULTS: the application env `consult` names
+%%% an {M, F} the pipeline registers (the Talmudic Engine behind it),
+%%% and each seat on the panel performs one step of the dialectic —
+%%% interpret, challenge, resolve, cycling by seat — on the case's
+%%% roots and question. Resolved → accept, with the verses; a standing
+%%% kushya → reject; teiku → abstain. No consult, or an engine that
+%%% cannot be reached → abstain, and the reasoning says so. Dissent
+%%% arises from the dialectic, never from a die.
 %%% @end
 %%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
 -module(judge).
@@ -20,24 +34,34 @@
 -include("sanhedrin.hrl").
 
 %% API
--export([start_link/1, deliberate/2, stop/1]).
+-export([start_link/1, start_link/2, deliberate/2, stop/1]).
+
+%% Exposed for the suite
+-export([step_for_seat/1, vote_from_consultation/3]).
 
 %% gen_server callbacks
 -export([init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2]).
 
 -record(state, {
     judge_id   :: reference(),
+    seat       :: pos_integer(),
     case_data  :: #sanhedrin_case{},
     vote       :: #vote{} | undefined,
     panel_pid  :: pid() | undefined
 }).
 
+-define(STEPS, [interpret, challenge, resolve]).
+
 %%====================================================================
 %% API
 %%====================================================================
 
 start_link(Case) ->
-    gen_server:start_link(?MODULE, Case, []).
+    start_link(Case, 1).
+
+%% @doc Start a judge in seat N of its panel (1-based).
+start_link(Case, Seat) ->
+    gen_server:start_link(?MODULE, {Case, Seat}, []).
 
 %% @doc Instruct this judge to deliberate and send vote to PanelPid.
 -spec deliberate(pid(), pid()) -> ok.
@@ -49,28 +73,35 @@ deliberate(JudgePid, PanelPid) ->
 stop(JudgePid) ->
     gen_server:stop(JudgePid, normal, 5000).
 
+%% @doc The step of the dialectic a seat performs: 1 → interpret,
+%% 2 → challenge, 3 → resolve, 4 → interpret, ...
+-spec step_for_seat(pos_integer()) -> interpret | challenge | resolve.
+step_for_seat(Seat) when is_integer(Seat), Seat >= 1 ->
+    lists:nth(((Seat - 1) rem length(?STEPS)) + 1, ?STEPS).
+
 %%====================================================================
 %% gen_server callbacks
 %%====================================================================
 
-init(Case) ->
+init({Case, Seat}) ->
-    JudgeId = make_ref(),
     {ok, #state{
-        judge_id  = JudgeId,
+        judge_id  = make_ref(),
+        seat      = Seat,
         case_data = Case,
         vote      = undefined,
         panel_pid = undefined
-    }}.
+    }};
+init(Case) ->
+    init({Case, 1}).
 
 handle_call(_Request, _From, State) ->
     {reply, {error, unknown_request}, State}.
 
 handle_cast({deliberate, PanelPid}, State) ->
-    Vote = perform_deliberation(State#state.judge_id, State#state.case_data),
+    Vote = perform_deliberation(State#state.judge_id, State#state.seat, State#state.case_data),
     %% Send vote to panel
     PanelPid ! {vote, Vote},
     {noreply, State#state{vote = Vote, panel_pid = PanelPid}};
-
 handle_cast(_Msg, State) ->
     {noreply, State}.
 
@@ -78,104 +109,95 @@ handle_info(_Info, State) ->
     {noreply, State}.
 
 %%====================================================================
-%% Internal — Deliberation logic
+%% Internal — Deliberation
 %%====================================================================
 
-%% @doc Perform independent deliberation.
+perform_deliberation(JudgeId, Seat, Case) ->
-%%
+    Step = step_for_seat(Seat),
-%% Phase 2: Each judge examines the case context (roots, torah_refs)
-%% and produces an independent interpretation. In Phase 3, judges
-%% will call the Talmudic Engine for deeper reasoning.
-%%
-%% The deliberation is non-deterministic by design — judges may
-%% reach different conclusions from the same evidence.
-perform_deliberation(JudgeId, Case) ->
     Context = Case#sanhedrin_case.context,
-    Question = Case#sanhedrin_case.question,
-
-    %% Extract roots and references from context
     Roots = maps:get(roots, Context, []),
-    TorahRefs = maps:get(torah_refs, Context, []),
+    Question = Case#sanhedrin_case.question,
-
+    Consultation = consult(Step, Case#sanhedrin_case.case_ref, Roots, Question, Context),
-    %% Generate interpretation based on case content
+    {Position, Reasoning, Refs, Verdict} = vote_from_consultation(Step, Consultation, length(Roots)),
-    {Position, Reasoning, Verdict} = interpret(Question, Roots, TorahRefs),
-
-    %% Build Torah references for this vote
-    VoteRefs = build_refs(TorahRefs),
-
     #vote{
         judge_id   = JudgeId,
         position   = Position,
         reasoning  = Reasoning,
-        torah_refs = VoteRefs,
+        torah_refs = build_refs(Refs),
         verdict    = Verdict,
         cast_at    = erlang:system_time(millisecond)
     }.
 
-%% @doc Generate an interpretation.
+%% The consult callback: {M, F} in the sanhedrin application env,
-%%
+%% called as M:F(Step, CaseRef, Roots, Question, Context) and expected
-%% Phase 2: Uses deterministic logic based on case content.
+%% to answer {ok, #{status := binary(), text := binary(),
-%% Each judge applies a slightly different weighting — simulated
+%% verses := [{atom(), integer(), integer()}], kushya => binary()}}
-%% by examining different aspects of the roots and references.
+%% or {error, term()}. Anything it raises is caught: a judge that
-%%
+%% cannot consult abstains; it does not fall.
-%% Phase 3: Will delegate to Talmudic Engine for real dialectical
+consult(Step, CaseRef, Roots, Question, Context) ->
-%% reasoning (interpret → challenge → resolve).
+    case application:get_env(sanhedrin, consult) of
-interpret(Question, Roots, TorahRefs) ->
+        {ok, {M, F}} when is_atom(M), is_atom(F) ->
-    %% Base interpretation on root analysis
+            try M:F(Step, CaseRef, Roots, Question, Context) of
-    RootCount = length(Roots),
+                {ok, Map} when is_map(Map) -> {ok, Map};
-    RefCount = length(TorahRefs),
+                {error, Reason} -> {error, Reason};
-
+                Other -> {error, {bad_consultation, Other}}
-    %% Deterministic but varied deliberation:
+            catch
-    %% Judges use their unique ID (via process randomness) to
+                Class:Reason -> {error, {Class, Reason}}
-    %% introduce variation, simulating independent thought.
+            end;
-    Hash = erlang:phash2({Question, self(), erlang:monotonic_time()}),
+        _ ->
-
+            {error, no_consult_registered}
-    case Hash rem 6 of
-        0 ->
-            {<<"The roots indicate acceptance — the action aligns with Torah principle">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Root analysis supports this interpretation">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             accept};
-        1 ->
-            {<<"The roots indicate rejection — the action contradicts specification">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Root tension detected — contradicting principles found">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             reject};
-        2 ->
-            {<<"The roots support acceptance with qualification">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Conditional acceptance — roots align but context requires care">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             accept};
-        3 ->
-            {<<"Insufficient grounding — the question cannot be resolved from available sources">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Teiku — the evidence is insufficient for determination">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             abstain};
-        4 ->
-            {<<"The references confirm the action is consistent with specification">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Torah references ground this interpretation">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             accept};
-        5 ->
-            {<<"The references reveal a tension that prohibits this action">>,
-             format_reasoning(<<"Prohibition detected via root-reference cross-analysis">>, RootCount, RefCount),
-             reject}
     end.
 
-format_reasoning(Base, RootCount, RefCount) ->
+%% @doc The vote a consultation yields. Exposed for the suite.
+-spec vote_from_consultation(interpret | challenge | resolve,
+                             {ok, map()} | {error, term()},
+                             non_neg_integer()) ->
+          {binary(), binary(), list(), accept | reject | abstain}.
+vote_from_consultation(Step, {ok, Map}, RootCount) ->
+    Status = maps:get(status, Map, <<"teiku">>),
+    Text = maps:get(text, Map, <<>>),
+    Verses = maps:get(verses, Map, []),
+    case Status of
+        <<"resolved">> ->
+            {Text,
+             reasoning(Step, <<"resolved">>, RootCount, Verses),
+             Verses, accept};
+        <<"challenged">> ->
+            Kushya = maps:get(kushya, Map, <<"a kushya stands">>),
+            {Kushya,
+             reasoning(Step, <<"a kushya stands against the reading">>, RootCount, Verses),
+             Verses, reject};
+        <<"halt">> ->
+            {Text,
+             reasoning(Step, <<"the halt rules fired">>, RootCount, Verses),
+             Verses, reject};
+        _ ->
+            {<<"Teiku — the question is not resolved from the specification">>,
+             reasoning(Step, <<"teiku">>, RootCount, Verses),
+             Verses, abstain}
+    end;
+vote_from_consultation(Step, {error, Reason}, RootCount) ->
+    {<<"Teiku — the specification was not consulted">>,
+     iolist_to_binary([step_name(Step), <<": no consultation (">>,
+                       io_lib:format("~p", [Reason]), <<") — ">>,
+                       integer_to_binary(RootCount), <<" roots given; abstaining">>]),
+     [], abstain}.
+
+reasoning(Step, What, RootCount, Verses) ->
     iolist_to_binary([
-        Base,
+        step_name(Step), <<" via the Talmudic Engine: ">>, What,
-        <<" (">>,
+        <<" (">>, integer_to_binary(RootCount), <<" roots, ">>,
-        integer_to_binary(RootCount),
+        integer_to_binary(length(Verses)), <<" verses)">>
-        <<" roots, ">>,
-        integer_to_binary(RefCount),
-        <<" references examined)">>
     ]).
 
+step_name(interpret) -> <<"interpret">>;
+step_name(challenge) -> <<"challenge">>;
+step_name(resolve)   -> <<"resolve">>.
+
 build_refs(TorahRefs) ->
     lists:map(
-        fun(Ref) when is_tuple(Ref) ->
+        fun({Book, Chapter, Verse}) ->
-            case Ref of
-                {Book, Chapter, Verse} ->
                 #torah_ref{book = Book, chapter = Chapter, verse = Verse};
-                _ ->
-                    #torah_ref{book = unknown, chapter = 0, verse = 0}
-            end;
            (Ref) when is_map(Ref) ->
                 #torah_ref{
                     book = maps:get(book, Ref, unknown),

sanhedrin/src/panel.erl

@@ -307,9 +307,10 @@ store_all_opinions(CaseRef, Votes, Majority) ->
 %%====================================================================
 
 convene_judges(Case, Size) ->
+    %% Seat N performs step N of the dialectic (judge:step_for_seat/1).
     lists:map(
-        fun(_N) ->
+        fun(Seat) ->
-            {ok, Pid} = judge:start_link(Case),
+            {ok, Pid} = judge:start_link(Case, Seat),
             Pid
         end,
         lists:seq(1, Size)

sanhedrin/test/sanhedrin_SUITE.erl

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 -include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
 -include("sanhedrin.hrl").
 
+%% The consult callback the tablet-55 tests register (judge:consult reads {M,F}).
+-export([fake_consult/5]).
+
 %% ============================================================
 %% Test fixture — start/stop the application for each test
 %% ============================================================
@@ -382,6 +385,92 @@ judge_deliberate_sends_vote_test() ->
     end,
     judge:stop(JudgePid).
 
+%% ============================================================
+%% Tablet 55 — the judge consults; it does not roll dice
+%% ============================================================
+
+judge_seats_cycle_the_dialectic_test() ->
+    ?assertEqual(interpret, judge:step_for_seat(1)),
+    ?assertEqual(challenge, judge:step_for_seat(2)),
+    ?assertEqual(resolve,   judge:step_for_seat(3)),
+    ?assertEqual(interpret, judge:step_for_seat(4)),
+    ?assertEqual(challenge, judge:step_for_seat(23)),
+    ?assertEqual(challenge, judge:step_for_seat(71)).
+
+judge_without_consult_abstains_test() ->
+    application:unset_env(sanhedrin, consult),
+    Case = make_case_with_context(simple, <<"q">>, #{roots => [<<"br-a">>]}),
+    {ok, JudgePid} = judge:start_link(Case, 1),
+    judge:deliberate(JudgePid, self()),
+    receive
+        {vote, Vote} ->
+            ?assertEqual(abstain, Vote#vote.verdict),
+            ?assertEqual([], Vote#vote.torah_refs),
+            ?assertMatch({_, _}, binary:match(Vote#vote.reasoning, <<"no consultation">>))
+    after 5000 -> ?assert(false)
+    end,
+    judge:stop(JudgePid).
+
+judge_consult_resolved_accepts_with_verses_test() ->
+    application:set_env(sanhedrin, consult, {?MODULE, fake_consult}),
+    Case = make_case_with_context(simple, <<"q">>, #{roots => [<<"br-a">>], fake => resolved}),
+    {ok, JudgePid} = judge:start_link(Case, 1),
+    judge:deliberate(JudgePid, self()),
+    receive
+        {vote, Vote} ->
+            ?assertEqual(accept, Vote#vote.verdict),
+            ?assertEqual(<<"the reading">>, Vote#vote.position),
+            ?assertMatch([#torah_ref{book = bereishit, chapter = 1, verse = 1}], Vote#vote.torah_refs),
+            ?assertMatch({_, _}, binary:match(Vote#vote.reasoning, <<"interpret via the Talmudic Engine">>))
+    after 5000 -> ?assert(false)
+    end,
+    judge:stop(JudgePid),
+    application:unset_env(sanhedrin, consult).
+
+judge_consult_raises_abstains_and_stands_test() ->
+    application:set_env(sanhedrin, consult, {?MODULE, fake_consult}),
+    Case = make_case_with_context(simple, <<"q">>, #{fake => raise}),
+    {ok, JudgePid} = judge:start_link(Case, 2),
+    judge:deliberate(JudgePid, self()),
+    receive
+        {vote, Vote} -> ?assertEqual(abstain, Vote#vote.verdict)
+    after 5000 -> ?assert(false)
+    end,
+    ?assert(is_process_alive(JudgePid)),
+    judge:stop(JudgePid),
+    application:unset_env(sanhedrin, consult).
+
+%% A panel of three where the dialectic finds a kushya at seat 2:
+%% interpret → resolved, challenge → challenged, resolve → resolved.
+%% Majority 2 accept, minority 1 reject — the minority preserved.
+panel_of_three_dissent_from_the_dialectic_test() ->
+    setup(),
+    application:set_env(sanhedrin, consult, {?MODULE, fake_consult}),
+    Case = make_case_with_context(monetary, <<"q">>, #{roots => [<<"br-a">>], fake => dialectic}),
+    {ok, CaseRef} = escalation:submit_case(Case),
+    timer:sleep(600),
+    {ok, Decision} = clerk:get_decision(CaseRef),
+    ?assertEqual(3, Decision#decision.panel_size),
+    ?assertEqual(accepted, Decision#decision.outcome),
+    ?assertEqual(2, maps:get(vote_count, Decision#decision.majority)),
+    ?assertEqual(1, maps:get(vote_count, Decision#decision.minority)),
+    ?assertEqual(<<"but the verse says otherwise">>, maps:get(position, Decision#decision.minority)),
+    application:unset_env(sanhedrin, consult),
+    cleanup(ok).
+
+%% The fake consultation the tests register. Step-aware for `dialectic`.
+fake_consult(_Step, _Ref, _Roots, _Q, #{fake := raise}) ->
+    erlang:error(engine_exploded);
+fake_consult(_Step, _Ref, _Roots, _Q, #{fake := resolved}) ->
+    {ok, #{status => <<"resolved">>, text => <<"the reading">>, verses => [{bereishit, 1, 1}]}};
+fake_consult(challenge, _Ref, _Roots, _Q, #{fake := dialectic}) ->
+    {ok, #{status => <<"challenged">>, text => <<>>, kushya => <<"but the verse says otherwise">>,
+           verses => [{devarim, 6, 4}]}};
+fake_consult(_Step, _Ref, _Roots, _Q, #{fake := dialectic}) ->
+    {ok, #{status => <<"resolved">>, text => <<"the reading">>, verses => [{bereishit, 1, 1}]}};
+fake_consult(_Step, _Ref, _Roots, _Q, _Ctx) ->
+    {error, no_fake}.
+
 %% ============================================================
 %% Panel majority/minority computation tests
 %% ============================================================

specs/broken_tablets/README.md

@@ -170,10 +170,27 @@ SANHEDRIN_UNAVAILABLE) instead of crashing. The spec's own example now
 deliberates, and the test asserts that the gate is still there
 afterwards.
 
-Not fixed, and recorded here so it is not mistaken for fixed: the
+Not fixed in the first commit, and recorded here so it was not mistaken
-panel of one, the empty references under a grounded-sounding sentence,
+for fixed: the panel of one, the empty references under a
-the ignored hint, the unspent manna, the unrecorded case. The row in
+grounded-sounding sentence, the ignored hint, the unspent manna, the
-Tamid is still larger than the thing behind it. The lesson is tablet
+unrecorded case. The row in Tamid was still larger than the thing
+behind it.
+
+Fixed in the second commit, the same day. The judge had been choosing
+one of six canned positions by a hash over the question, its own pid
+and the clock — "non-deterministic by design", the comment said, with
+a note that a later phase would consult the engine. The phase never
+came; the dice stayed. Now a judge consults: the pipeline registers
+the Talmudic Engine as what a judge asks, and each seat on a panel
+performs one step of the dialectic over the case's roots — interpret,
+challenge, resolve, cycling by seat. A resolved reading is a vote to
+accept, with its verses; a standing kushya is a vote to reject; teiku
+is abstention; and a judge with nothing to consult abstains and says
+so. Dissent arises from the dialectic, not from a die. The chatzer
+path hears the question before submitting it, as pe'ah does — scope,
+verse, Shoresh Engine, roots — honours the complexity hint, spends one
+unit of the day's panel manna, engraves the decision and its minority
+in L3, and answers in the Tamid's own shape. The lesson is tablet
 37's again — a spec row is a claim to test — with one thing added: the
 system's own inner court is held to the same check as a model at the
 gate. When the Sanhedrin accepts on nothing, it is the calf, whoever

vav_pipeline/lib/vav_pipeline/application.ex

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.Application do
 
   @impl true
   def start(_type, _args) do
+    # Tablet 55: the Sanhedrin's judges consult the specification through
+    # this callback (the Talmudic Engine behind it). Registered before the
+    # supervision tree so the first panel convened can already consult.
+    Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult, :consult})
+
     shoresh_binary = Application.get_env(:vav_pipeline, :shoresh_engine_binary, "shoresh-engine")
     shoresh_cwd = Application.get_env(:vav_pipeline, :shoresh_engine_cwd, nil)
     talmudic_socket = Application.get_env(:vav_pipeline, :talmudic_socket_path, "/tmp/bikoret/talmudic.sock")

vav_pipeline/lib/vav_pipeline/bigdei_kodesh/router.ex

@@ -1090,26 +1090,49 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodesh.Router do
       # with the Tamid's own example request. The sides ride inside the
       # map, their shape checked at the door; and a refusal from the
       # Sanhedrin is answered, not matched into a 500.
-      with {:ok, sides} <- sanhedrin_sides(params["sides"]) do
+      #
+      # And the case is RESOLVED before it is submitted — Construction
+      # §3.2: the pipeline hands the Sanhedrin roots and torah_refs. The
+      # question is heard the way pe'ah hears it (scope → verse → Shoresh
+      # Engine → roots); the complexity hint sets the panel; a panel
+      # spends one unit of the day's panel manna; the decision is
+      # engraved in L3; the answer takes the Tamid's shape.
+      with {:ok, sides} <- sanhedrin_sides(params["sides"]),
+           {:ok, complexity} <- sanhedrin_complexity(params["complexity_hint"]),
+           {:ok, scope, resolved_by} <- sanhedrin_scope(case_text),
+           {:ok, resolved} <- sanhedrin_resolve(case_text, scope, resolved_by),
+           :ok <- sanhedrin_gather_panel() do
         case_ref = generate_id()
 
         case VavPipeline.SanhedrinClient.submit_case(%{
                case_ref: case_ref,
-               complexity: :simple,
+               complexity: complexity,
                question: case_text,
-               context: %{sides: sides},
+               context: %{
+                 sides: sides,
+                 roots: resolved.roots,
+                 torah_refs: [resolved.torah_ref],
+                 authority_source: :torah
+               },
                requested_by: "chatzer"
              }) do
           {:ok, decision} ->
+            recorded = sanhedrin_record_l3(case_ref, case_text, decision, resolved)
+
             send_json(conn, 200, %{
               case_ref: decision.case_ref,
               deliberation: %{
                 panel_size: decision.panel_size,
-                majority: decision.majority,
+                majority: sanhedrin_side(decision.majority),
-                minority: decision.minority,
+                minority: sanhedrin_side(decision.minority),
                 outcome: decision.outcome,
                 processing_time_ms: decision.deliberation_time_ms
               },
+              grounding: %{
+                scope: scope_report(scope, resolved_by),
+                roots_consulted: format_roots(resolved.roots_full),
+                recorded: recorded
+              },
               note: "This is the system's reasoning, not a binding ruling. A human beit din may reach a different conclusion.",
               disclosure: disclosure()
             })
@@ -1129,12 +1152,47 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodesh.Router do
             })
         end
       else
-        {:error, issue} ->
+        {:error, :sides, issue} ->
           send_error(conn, 422, "KIYOR_VALIDATION_FAILED", %{
             issue: issue,
             correction: "'sides' is an optional list of {\"position\": string, \"evidence\": [string]}",
             resubmit: true
           })
+
+        {:error, :complexity, issue} ->
+          send_error(conn, 422, "KIYOR_VALIDATION_FAILED", %{
+            issue: issue,
+            correction: "'complexity_hint' is one of simple | monetary | capital | novel (panels of 1 | 3 | 23 | 71)",
+            resubmit: true
+          })
+
+        {:error, {:invalid_reference, ref}} ->
+          send_error(conn, 422, "KIYOR_VALIDATION_FAILED", %{
+            issue: "INVALID_SCOPE: #{ref} is not a verse in L1",
+            correction: "Name a verse that exists — chapter and verse within the five books.",
+            resubmit: true
+          })
+
+        {:waiting, reason} when reason in [:no_provision, :provision_exhausted] ->
+          send_error(conn, 503, "MANNA_DEPLETED", %{
+            issue: "No panel can be convened today: sanhedrin_panels_max is #{reason}",
+            correction: "Retry tomorrow, or raise MANNA_SANHEDRIN_PANELS_MAX in the ConfigMap",
+            resubmit: true
+          })
+
+        {:halted, what, reason} ->
+          send_error(conn, 503, "HALT_#{String.upcase(to_string(what))}", %{
+            issue: "The case could not be heard: #{inspect(reason)}",
+            correction: "Retry when the halt clears",
+            resubmit: true
+          })
+
+        {:transition, signal} ->
+          send_error(conn, 503, "CLOUD_MOVING", %{
+            issue: "The cloud is in transition (#{signal})",
+            correction: "Retry when the cloud settles",
+            resubmit: true
+          })
       end
     end
   end
@@ -1147,10 +1205,184 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodesh.Router do
   defp sanhedrin_sides(sides) when is_list(sides) do
     if Enum.all?(sides, &side_ok?/1),
       do: {:ok, sides},
-      else: {:error, "'sides' must be a list of {position, evidence[]} objects"}
+      else: {:error, :sides, "'sides' must be a list of {position, evidence[]} objects"}
   end
 
-  defp sanhedrin_sides(_), do: {:error, "'sides' must be a list"}
+  defp sanhedrin_sides(_), do: {:error, :sides, "'sides' must be a list"}
+
+  # The complexity hint names the panel (sanhedrin.hrl): absent → simple.
+  @sanhedrin_complexities %{"simple" => :simple, "monetary" => :monetary, "capital" => :capital, "novel" => :novel}
+  defp sanhedrin_complexity(nil), do: {:ok, :simple}
+
+  defp sanhedrin_complexity(hint) when is_binary(hint) do
+    case Map.fetch(@sanhedrin_complexities, hint) do
+      {:ok, c} -> {:ok, c}
+      :error -> {:error, :complexity, "'complexity_hint' #{inspect(hint)} is not one of simple | monetary | capital | novel"}
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp sanhedrin_complexity(other), do: {:error, :complexity, "'complexity_hint' must be a string, got #{inspect(other)}"}
+
+  # The scope: heard from the question (tablet 30), a named verse or a text
+  # match, else the default.
+  defp sanhedrin_scope(case_text), do: VavPipeline.ScopeResolver.resolve(case_text)
+
+  # The roots: the first two stages of the Bereishit cycle on the question —
+  # tohu (decompose) and vayomer (the Shoresh Engine over the verse in scope,
+  # or the question's own Hebrew). Nishma first: the Shema context is
+  # received, and the cloud is honoured, exactly as process/1 does.
+  defp sanhedrin_resolve(case_text, scope, resolved_by) do
+    case VavPipeline.Shema.receive_context(scope) do
+      {:error, reason} ->
+        {:halted, :context_failed, reason}
+
+      {:ok, context} ->
+        case context.cloud_state do
+          :camped ->
+            input = %{source: "chatzer", verse_scope: scope, scope_resolution: resolved_by, content: case_text}
+
+            state =
+              input
+              |> VavPipeline.BereishitCycle.tohu(context)
+              |> VavPipeline.BereishitCycle.vayomer(context)
+
+            roots_full = Map.get(state, :roots_activated, [])
+
+            {:ok,
+             %{
+               roots: Enum.map(roots_full, & &1.shoresh),
+               roots_full: roots_full,
+               torah_ref: {String.to_atom(scope.book), scope.chapter, scope.verse},
+               read_from: Map.get(state, :roots_read_from)
+             }}
+
+          :moving ->
+            {:transition, :cloud_lifted}
+
+          {:major_transition, signal, _} ->
+            {:transition, signal}
+
+          other ->
+            {:transition, other}
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # One panel per case from the day's manna (Vayakhel §3.7 — the ledger
+  # provisions sanhedrin_panels_max). The provision is loaded first, as
+  # Gate.gather_call does (idempotent per date). Without a ledger
+  # (dev/test) nothing is gathered.
+  defp sanhedrin_gather_panel do
+    if Process.whereis(VavPipeline.MannaLedger) do
+      case VavPipeline.MannaLedger.load_provision() do
+        {:ok, :no_provision} ->
+          {:waiting, :no_provision}
+
+        {:error, _} ->
+          {:waiting, :no_provision}
+
+        {:ok, _} ->
+          case VavPipeline.MannaLedger.consume(:sanhedrin_panels_max, 1) do
+            {:ok, _} -> :ok
+            {:error, :provision_exhausted} -> {:waiting, :provision_exhausted}
+            {:error, :no_provision} -> {:waiting, :no_provision}
+          end
+      end
+    else
+      :ok
+    end
+  end
+
+  # The Tamid's shape for a side: position, reasoning, sources, votes.
+  defp sanhedrin_side(side) when is_map(side) do
+    %{
+      position: Map.get(side, :position, Map.get(side, "position", "")),
+      reasoning: Map.get(side, :reasoning, Map.get(side, "reasoning", "")),
+      sources: side |> Map.get(:torah_refs, Map.get(side, "torah_refs", [])) |> Enum.map(&sanhedrin_ref_string/1),
+      votes: Map.get(side, :vote_count, Map.get(side, "vote_count", 0))
+    }
+  end
+
+  defp sanhedrin_side(_), do: %{position: "", reasoning: "", sources: [], votes: 0}
+
+  # #torah_ref{} arrives from Erlang as {:torah_ref, book, ch, vs}; a tuple
+  # {book, ch, vs} or a map may also appear.
+  defp sanhedrin_ref_string({:torah_ref, book, ch, vs}), do: "#{book} #{ch}:#{vs}"
+  defp sanhedrin_ref_string({book, ch, vs}), do: "#{book} #{ch}:#{vs}"
+  defp sanhedrin_ref_string(%{book: b, chapter: c, verse: v}), do: "#{b} #{c}:#{v}"
+  defp sanhedrin_ref_string(other), do: to_string(inspect(other))
+
+  # Devarim 17:9 — the inquiry is recorded or it did not accumulate. The
+  # decision goes to L3 as an interpretation (panel_size, votes for and
+  # against, processing_component "sanhedrin"), the minority beside it
+  # when it exists. Never turns a served decision into a 500: the record
+  # failing is logged and reported in the reply as `recorded`.
+  defp sanhedrin_record_l3(case_ref, case_text, decision, resolved) do
+    if Process.whereis(VavPipeline.Repo) do
+      maj = decision.majority
+      min = decision.minority
+      {book, ch, vs} = resolved.torah_ref
+      verse_s = "#{book} #{ch}:#{vs}"
+
+      coupling =
+        case resolved.roots do
+          [] -> ["coupled(case(#{case_ref}), verse(#{book}, #{ch}, #{vs}))"]
+          roots -> Enum.map(roots, fn r -> "coupled(root(#{r}), verse(#{book}, #{ch}, #{vs}))" end)
+        end
+
+      attrs = %{
+        case_ref: case_ref,
+        interpretation: to_string(Map.get(maj, :position, "")),
+        status: to_string(decision.outcome),
+        reasoning: "#{case_text} — #{Map.get(maj, :reasoning, "")}",
+        torah_references: Enum.uniq([verse_s | Enum.map(Map.get(maj, :torah_refs, []), &sanhedrin_ref_string/1)]),
+        roots_involved: Enum.map(resolved.roots, &to_string/1),
+        panel_size: decision.panel_size,
+        vote_count_for: Map.get(maj, :vote_count, 0),
+        vote_count_against: Map.get(min, :vote_count, 0),
+        processing_component: "sanhedrin",
+        coupling_trace: coupling
+      }
+
+      try do
+        case VavPipeline.L3.Store.record_interpretation(attrs) do
+          {:ok, interp} ->
+            Logger.info("L3: interpretation #{interp.id} recorded for sanhedrin #{case_ref} (#{decision.outcome})")
+
+            minority_recorded =
+              if Map.get(min, :vote_count, 0) > 0 do
+                case VavPipeline.L3.Store.record_minority(%{
+                       interpretation_id: interp.id,
+                       dissenting_reasoning: "#{Map.get(min, :position, "")} — #{Map.get(min, :reasoning, "")}",
+                       torah_references: Enum.map(Map.get(min, :torah_refs, []), &sanhedrin_ref_string/1),
+                       grounding_type: "achorai"
+                     }) do
+                  {:ok, _} ->
+                    "recorded"
+
+                  {:error, reason} ->
+                    Logger.error("L3: sanhedrin #{case_ref} minority NOT recorded: #{inspect(reason)}")
+                    "failed"
+                end
+              else
+                "none"
+              end
+
+            %{l3: "recorded", interpretation_id: interp.id, minority: minority_recorded}
+
+          {:error, reason} ->
+            Logger.error("L3: sanhedrin #{case_ref} NOT recorded: #{inspect(reason)}")
+            %{l3: "failed", reason: inspect(reason)}
+        end
+      rescue
+        e ->
+          Logger.error("L3: sanhedrin #{case_ref} NOT recorded: #{Exception.message(e)}")
+          %{l3: "failed", reason: Exception.message(e)}
+      end
+    else
+      %{l3: "absent"}
+    end
+  end
 
   defp side_ok?(%{"position" => p} = side) when is_binary(p) do
     case Map.get(side, "evidence", []) do

vav_pipeline/lib/vav_pipeline/sanhedrin_consult.ex

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+defmodule VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult do
+  @moduledoc """
+  What a judge consults (Architecture §3.2: "consults the specification
+  (L0/L1)"). Registered in the `sanhedrin` application env as
+  `{__MODULE__, :consult}` at pipeline start; `judge.erl` calls it once
+  per vote with the step its seat performs — `:interpret`, `:challenge`
+  or `:resolve` — and the case's roots and question.
+
+  Tablet 55: before this the judge chose among six canned positions by a
+  hash of the clock. Now the only ground a vote can stand on is the
+  Talmudic Engine's answer over the case's roots — the same engine, the
+  same rules, the same verses the bedikah and the Bereishit cycle use.
+  When the engine's socket is not running, or answers with an error, the
+  judge is told `{:error, reason}` and abstains. Nothing here is answered
+  from a stub (tablet 41): `TalmudicEngineClient`'s stub fallbacks are
+  deliberately NOT used — a court that accepts on a stub is the calf.
+  """
+
+  require Logger
+
+  alias VavPipeline.TalmudicEngineSocket
+
+  @books ~w(bereishit shemot vayikra bamidbar devarim)a
+
+  @typedoc "What the judge receives: a status the engine gave, the reading, its verses."
+  @type consultation :: %{
+          required(:status) => String.t(),
+          required(:text) => String.t(),
+          required(:verses) => [{atom(), pos_integer(), pos_integer()}],
+          optional(:kushya) => String.t(),
+          optional(:grounding) => [String.t()]
+        }
+
+  @doc """
+  Called from the judge (Erlang): `consult(Step, CaseRef, Roots, Question, Context)`.
+  Roots are the case's shoresh names as the cycle produces them; the
+  Erlang side hands binaries or charlists — both are accepted.
+  """
+  @spec consult(:interpret | :challenge | :resolve, binary() | charlist(), list(), binary() | charlist(), map()) ::
+          {:ok, consultation()} | {:error, term()}
+  def consult(step, case_ref, roots, question, _context) when step in [:interpret, :challenge, :resolve] do
+    if Process.whereis(TalmudicEngineSocket) do
+      ctx = %{
+        context_roots: Enum.map(roots, &to_string/1),
+        question: to_string(question)
+      }
+
+      ref = "#{to_string(case_ref)}-#{step}"
+
+      case apply(TalmudicEngineSocket, step, [ref, ctx]) do
+        {:ok, %{"status" => status} = reply} when is_binary(status) ->
+          {:ok, normalize(status, reply)}
+
+        {:ok, other} ->
+          {:error, {:unexpected_reply, other}}
+
+        {:error, reason} ->
+          Logger.warning("SanhedrinConsult: engine #{step} failed for #{ref}: #{inspect(reason)}")
+          {:error, {:engine_unavailable, reason}}
+      end
+    else
+      {:error, :engine_socket_not_started}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def consult(step, _ref, _roots, _q, _ctx), do: {:error, {:unknown_step, step}}
+
+  @doc "Parse the engine's verse strings (`verse_ref(bereishit,1,1,...)`, `verse(shemot,3,14)`) into `{book, ch, vs}`."
+  @spec verses_from([String.t()]) :: [{atom(), pos_integer(), pos_integer()}]
+  def verses_from(strings) when is_list(strings) do
+    strings
+    |> Enum.flat_map(fn s ->
+      case Regex.run(~r/verse(?:_ref)?\((bereishit|shemot|vayikra|bamidbar|devarim)\s*,\s*(\d+)\s*,\s*(\d+)/, to_string(s)) do
+        [_, book, ch, vs] -> [{String.to_existing_atom(book), String.to_integer(ch), String.to_integer(vs)}]
+        _ -> []
+      end
+    end)
+    |> Enum.uniq()
+  end
+
+  def verses_from(_), do: []
+
+  @doc false
+  def books, do: @books
+
+  defp normalize(status, reply) do
+    interp = Map.get(reply, "interpretation") || %{}
+    chall = Map.get(reply, "challenge") || %{}
+
+    base = %{
+      status: status,
+      text: to_string(Map.get(interp, "text", "")),
+      verses: verses_from(List.wrap(Map.get(interp, "verses", []))),
+      grounding: List.wrap(Map.get(interp, "grounding", [])) |> Enum.map(&to_string/1)
+    }
+
+    case Map.get(chall, "kushya") do
+      k when is_binary(k) and k != "" -> Map.put(base, :kushya, k)
+      _ -> base
+    end
+  end
+end

vav_pipeline/test/bigdei_kodesh_test.exs

@@ -21,6 +21,38 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodeshTest do
 
   @opts Router.init([])
 
+  # Tablet 55: a consultation the judges can be pointed at (judge.erl reads
+  # {M, F} from the sanhedrin env). Seat 2 (challenge) finds a kushya; the
+  # other seats read the verse as resolved.
+  def fake_consult(:challenge, _ref, _roots, _q, _ctx),
+    do: {:ok, %{status: "challenged", text: "", kushya: "but the verse says otherwise", verses: [{:devarim, 6, 4}]}}
+
+  def fake_consult(_step, _ref, _roots, _q, _ctx),
+    do: {:ok, %{status: "resolved", text: "the reading", verses: [{:bereishit, 1, 1}]}}
+
+  # A day's manna for the chatzer tests: a panel spends one unit of
+  # sanhedrin_panels_max (tablet 55), so the ledger must hold a provision.
+  defp write_provision(panels) do
+    VavPipeline.MannaLedger.reset()
+    on_exit(fn -> VavPipeline.MannaLedger.reset() end)
+    today = Date.utc_today() |> Date.to_iso8601()
+    expires = DateTime.utc_now() |> DateTime.add(6 * 3600) |> DateTime.to_iso8601()
+
+    provision = %{
+      "date" => today,
+      "provision" => %{"compute_units" => 50, "memory_mb" => 512, "api_calls_external" => 10, "storage_delta_mb" => 2, "sanhedrin_panels_max" => panels},
+      "type" => "regular",
+      "expires_at" => expires,
+      "written_by" => "bigdei_kodesh_test",
+      "written_at" => DateTime.utc_now() |> DateTime.to_iso8601()
+    }
+
+    path = VavPipeline.Manna.provision_file()
+    File.mkdir_p!(Path.dirname(path))
+    File.write!(path, Jason.encode!(provision))
+    on_exit(fn -> File.rm(path) end)
+  end
+
   # ============================================================
   # Pe'ah — Public Endpoint (Machaneh Yisrael)
   # ============================================================
@@ -301,6 +333,8 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodeshTest do
     end
 
     test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with valid case deliberates" do
+      write_provision(2)
+
       conn =
         conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{
           case: "Is cooking on Shabbat permitted for pikuach nefesh?"
@@ -321,6 +355,8 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodeshTest do
     # Tablet 55: the Tamid's own example — a case WITH sides — returned
     # 500 and took the halt monitor and escalation down with it.
     test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with sides (the Tamid's example) deliberates" do
+      write_provision(2)
+
       conn =
         conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{
           case: "A borrower repaid before one witness; the lender denies receipt. Who bears the burden?",
@@ -337,11 +373,134 @@ defmodule VavPipeline.BigdeiKodeshTest do
       assert conn.status == 200
       body = Jason.decode!(conn.resp_body)
       assert body["deliberation"]["outcome"] in ["accepted", "rejected", "teiku"]
+      # the hint names the panel: monetary → three judges (sanhedrin.hrl)
+      assert body["deliberation"]["panel_size"] == 3
+      # the Tamid's shape — votes and sources, not vote_count and torah_refs
+      assert Map.keys(body["deliberation"]["majority"]) |> Enum.sort() == ["position", "reasoning", "sources", "votes"]
+      assert is_list(body["deliberation"]["majority"]["sources"])
+      # the case was resolved before it was heard
+      assert is_map(body["grounding"]["scope"])
+      assert is_list(body["grounding"]["roots_consulted"])
       # and the gate is still standing afterwards
       assert Process.whereis(:halt_monitor) != nil
       assert Process.whereis(:escalation) != nil
     end
 
+    # Tablet 55: without a Talmudic Engine to consult, the judges abstain
+    # and the court says teiku — it does not accept on nothing.
+    test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with no engine to consult is teiku, not accepted" do
+      # The socket process may run in the test env; no engine answers behind it.
+      Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult, :consult})
+      write_provision(2)
+
+      conn =
+        conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{case: "bereishit 1:1 — what is created first?"}))
+        |> put_req_header("content-type", "application/json")
+        |> put_req_header("authorization", "Bearer chatzer-test-token")
+        |> Router.call(@opts)
+
+      assert conn.status == 200
+      body = Jason.decode!(conn.resp_body)
+      assert body["deliberation"]["outcome"] == "teiku"
+      assert body["deliberation"]["panel_size"] == 1
+      assert body["deliberation"]["majority"]["votes"] == 0
+      assert body["deliberation"]["minority"]["reasoning"] =~ "no consultation"
+    end
+
+    # Tablet 55: with a consultation behind the judges, the dialectic
+    # decides — interpret resolved, challenge finds a kushya, resolve
+    # resolved → 2 accept, 1 reject; the minority preserved with its verse.
+    test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin monetary panel splits 2–1 from the dialectic" do
+      Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {__MODULE__, :fake_consult})
+      write_provision(2)
+
+      try do
+        conn =
+          conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{
+            case: "devarim 6:4 — is the unity declared or commanded?",
+            complexity_hint: "monetary"
+          }))
+          |> put_req_header("content-type", "application/json")
+          |> put_req_header("authorization", "Bearer chatzer-test-token")
+          |> Router.call(@opts)
+
+        assert conn.status == 200
+        d = Jason.decode!(conn.resp_body)["deliberation"]
+        assert d["panel_size"] == 3
+        assert d["outcome"] == "accepted"
+        assert d["majority"]["votes"] == 2
+        assert d["majority"]["position"] == "the reading"
+        assert d["majority"]["sources"] == ["bereishit 1:1"]
+        assert d["minority"]["votes"] == 1
+        assert d["minority"]["position"] == "but the verse says otherwise"
+        assert d["minority"]["sources"] == ["devarim 6:4"]
+      after
+        Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult, :consult})
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Devarim 17:9 — the decision is engraved in L3: an interpretation row
+    # with the panel and the votes, and the minority beside it.
+    @tag :l3
+    test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin engraves the decision and the minority in L3" do
+      # The record is written from the request process (the router), so a
+      # checkout here covers it; the sandbox is shared for the sake of the
+      # panel's processes, which do not touch the Repo.
+      :ok = Ecto.Adapters.SQL.Sandbox.checkout(VavPipeline.Repo)
+      Ecto.Adapters.SQL.Sandbox.mode(VavPipeline.Repo, {:shared, self()})
+      on_exit(fn -> Ecto.Adapters.SQL.Sandbox.mode(VavPipeline.Repo, :manual) end)
+      Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {__MODULE__, :fake_consult})
+      write_provision(2)
+
+      try do
+        before = VavPipeline.L3.Store.count_interpretations()
+        before_min = VavPipeline.L3.Store.count_minority_opinions()
+
+        conn =
+          conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{case: "devarim 6:4", complexity_hint: "monetary"}))
+          |> put_req_header("content-type", "application/json")
+          |> put_req_header("authorization", "Bearer chatzer-test-token")
+          |> Router.call(@opts)
+
+        assert conn.status == 200
+        body = Jason.decode!(conn.resp_body)
+        assert body["grounding"]["recorded"]["l3"] == "recorded"
+        assert VavPipeline.L3.Store.count_interpretations() == before + 1
+        assert VavPipeline.L3.Store.count_minority_opinions() == before_min + 1
+      after
+        Application.put_env(:sanhedrin, :consult, {VavPipeline.SanhedrinConsult, :consult})
+      end
+    end
+
+    # A panel is manna (Vayakhel §3.7): the day's sanhedrin_panels_max spent → 503.
+    test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with the day's panels spent returns 503 MANNA_DEPLETED" do
+      write_provision(1)
+      body = Jason.encode!(%{case: "bereishit 1:1"})
+
+      post = fn ->
+        conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", body)
+        |> put_req_header("content-type", "application/json")
+        |> put_req_header("authorization", "Bearer chatzer-test-token")
+        |> Router.call(@opts)
+      end
+
+      assert post.().status == 200
+      second = post.()
+      assert second.status == 503
+      assert Jason.decode!(second.resp_body)["error"]["code"] == "MANNA_DEPLETED"
+    end
+
+    test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with an unknown complexity_hint returns 422" do
+      conn =
+        conn(:post, "/chatzer/sanhedrin", Jason.encode!(%{case: "x", complexity_hint: "cosmic"}))
+        |> put_req_header("content-type", "application/json")
+        |> put_req_header("authorization", "Bearer chatzer-test-token")
+        |> Router.call(@opts)
+
+      assert conn.status == 422
+      assert Jason.decode!(conn.resp_body)["error"]["guidance"]["issue"] =~ "complexity_hint"
+    end
+
     test "POST /chatzer/sanhedrin with malformed sides returns 422, not 500" do
       for bad <- ["not a list", [%{"no_position" => 1}], [%{"position" => "p", "evidence" => "not a list"}]] do
         conn =