Phase 3: Intelligence — 613 mitzvot, 13 middot, Tzara'at diagnostic

Encode all 613 mitzvot from Rambam's Sefer HaMitzvot (248 positive,
365 prohibitions). Build the 13 Middot of Rabbi Yishmael as Prolog
inference predicates for hermeneutical reasoning. Implement Tzara'at
multi-stage input validation following Vayikra 13-14. Enhance kushya
generation with kal vachomer and shnei ketuvim challenge strategies.

Architecture §4 Steps 14-15, 19-20.

New files:
  middot/   — 8 files (master + 7 rule modules)
  diagnostic/ — 4 files (tzaraat, inspection, quarantine, diagnosis)

Modified:
  mitzvot.pl     — 52 → 613 mitzvot
  relationships.pl — expanded tensions, complements, action domains
  challenge.pl   — middot-based kushya (kal vachomer, shnei ketuvim)

Tests: 293 total (184 Prolog, 76 Elixir, 33 Haskell), 0 failures.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

talmudic_engine/src/reasoning/challenge.pl

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 :- use_module('../specification/torah_text').
 :- use_module('../specification/relationships').
 :- use_module('../specification/root_meanings').
+:- use_module('../middot/kal_vachomer').
+:- use_module('../middot/shnei_ketuvim').
 
 %% ============================================================
 %% CHALLENGE GENERATION
@@ -65,6 +67,23 @@ find_contradiction(Mitzvot, _Verses, contradiction(condition_tension, ID, Action
     member(mitzvah(ID, _, Action, when(Cond)), Mitzvot),
     condition_creates_tension(Cond).
 
+%% Strategy 4: Kal vachomer — if a law applies in the minor case,
+%% challenge interpretations that don't account for the major case
+find_contradiction(Mitzvot, _Verses, contradiction(kal_vachomer_tension, MinorDomain, MajorDomain, Law)) :-
+    member(mitzvah(_, _, Law, _), Mitzvot),
+    mitzvah_domain_for_action(Law, MinorDomain),
+    is_more_stringent(MinorDomain, MajorDomain).
+
+%% Strategy 5: Shnei ketuvim — two verses in the interpretation's
+%% grounding contradict each other and no resolution is offered
+find_contradiction(_Mitzvot, Verses, contradiction(shnei_ketuvim_tension, Ref1, Ref2, Tension)) :-
+    member(verse_ref(B1, C1, Vs1, _), Verses),
+    member(verse_ref(B2, C2, Vs2, _), Verses),
+    Ref1 = ref(B1,C1,Vs1),
+    Ref2 = ref(B2,C2,Vs2),
+    Ref1 \= Ref2,
+    verses_contradict(Ref1, Ref2, Tension).
+
 %% ============================================================
 %% TENSION DETECTION
 %% ============================================================
@@ -99,3 +118,13 @@ condition_creates_tension(court_deliberation).  % Procedural constraints
 challenge_strength(contradiction(mitzvah_tension, _, _, _), strong).
 challenge_strength(contradiction(domain_tension, _, _, _), moderate).
 challenge_strength(contradiction(condition_tension, _, _, _), weak).
+challenge_strength(contradiction(kal_vachomer_tension, _, _, _), strong).
+challenge_strength(contradiction(shnei_ketuvim_tension, _, _, _), strong).
+
+%% ============================================================
+%% HELPERS
+%% ============================================================
+
+%% Map a mitzvah action to its domain (via relationships module)
+mitzvah_domain_for_action(Action, Domain) :-
+    action_domain(Action, Domain).